Many of these paradigms have been adapted for use in human studies. Paradigms eliciting aversion, fear, and stress are at the heart of this approach and have provided valuable and sophisticated information about the neurobiology and neurochemistry of emotion. There is a rich literature in experimental animals exploring emotional function. However, functional neuroimaging has revolutionized the study of all aspects of affective function, allowing us to measure brain responses to emotional information, and thus to develop brain-based models of affective cognition ( Dolan, 2002). This is particularly crucial for basic emotional responses without direct behavioral measures. In the ensuing 15 years, there has been a proliferation of studies exploring affective processing and interactions between affect and cognition, facilitated by the advent of brain imaging techniques that allow us to access emotional function directly.
In his influential book, Descartes' Error, Antonio Damasio (1994) argued that feeling is more fundamental than logical thought in understanding human behavior. Conversely, cognitive factors critically modulate affective responses an obvious example being the effects of learning on social and moral emotions. All our actions and decisions occur in an emotional context, and therefore cognitive functions are colored by emotional state. The final section presents an overview of this literature and considers implications for understanding the pathophysiology of mood disorder as well as developing and evaluating new treatment strategies.Īffective processing is fundamental to human behavior. Serotonin is considered to be a key neurotransmitter involved in depression, and there is a considerable body of research exploring whether serotonin may mediate disturbances of affective cognition. Disturbances of affective cognition are a core and specific feature of mood disorders, and we discuss the evidence supporting this claim, both from behavioral and neuroimaging perspectives. We then consider neuroimaging studies of affective cognition in healthy volunteers, which have led to the development of more sophisticated neural models of these processes. We discuss limited neuropsychological evidence suggesting that affective cognition depends critically on the amygdala, ventromedial frontal cortex, and the connections between them. In particular, we discuss emotion categorization, biasing of memory and attention, as well as social/moral emotion. 372-382.In this review, we consider affective cognition, responses to emotional stimuli occurring in the context of cognitive evaluation. (2001), "Resistance to organizational change: the role of cognitive and affective processes", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol.
Also outlines an intervention strategy to guide management in developing a method for approaching resistance when implementing major change. Irrational ideas and emotion together explain 44 percent of the variance in intentions to resist. The analysis showed that irrational ideas are positively correlated with behavioural intentions to resist change. Nine organizations implementing major change were surveyed providing data from 615 respondents. This paper investigates the relationship between irrational ideas, emotion and resistance to change. Most previous studies of organizational change and resistance take an organizational perspective as opposed to an individual perspective.
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